Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) & Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to two related conditions: deep vein thrombosis (DVT), in which a blood clot forms in a deep vein (usually in the legs but possibly in other areas), and pulmonary embolism (PE), in which a clot travels to the lungs. Both are serious medical conditions that require prompt diagnosis and treatment. At Rex Vascular Specialists, our team is highly experienced in managing and treating VTE.
Causes and Risk Factors
VTE can occur for a variety of reasons, sometimes with an identifiable cause (provoked) and other times without a clear trigger (unprovoked). Common risk factors include but are not limited to:
- Prolonged immobility (such as long travel or hospitalization)
- Trauma or recent surgery
- Obesity or smoking
- Certain medications
- Family history of blood clots
- Cancer
- Pregnancy
Symptoms of DVT or PE
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) can cause subtle or severe symptoms. DVT often affects the legs (but can happen in other areas), while PE impacts the lungs and can be life-threatening. Prompt recognition and treatment are critical.
Typical symptoms of each condition include:
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- Usually occurs in one leg, especially in the thigh or calf.
- Leg pain or tenderness, often starting in the calf
- Swelling in the leg, sometimes with noticeable asymmetry
- Warmth over the affected area
- Red or discolored skin
- Visible surface veins or vein distension (swelling)
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
- Occurs when a clot travels to the lungs, blocking blood flow.
- Sudden shortness of breath, even at rest
- Sharp chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or coughing
- Rapid breathing (tachypnea)
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
- Cough, possibly with blood (hemoptysis)
- Lightheadedness or fainting
- Clammy or bluish skin (cyanosis)
- Feelings of anxiety or dread
Diagnosis and Treatment
Our specialists provide a full range of treatment options for DVT and PE. Many patients are treated with anticoagulant (blood-thinning) medications, such as Warfarin (Coumadin), Eliquis, Heparin, Lovenox or Xarelto. These medications are safe and carefully monitored by our providers, often in close collaboration with our in-office Anticoagulation Clinic pharmacists if needed.
Surgeons at Rex Vascular Specialists lead the country in treatments and procedures for DVT and PE. We are also a part of clinical trials for treatments and leading the country in innovative treatment and procedures that save lives. If a procedure is needed for a patient’s DVT or PE, we offer advanced procedures such as:
- Thrombolysis – dissolving the clot with medication
- Thrombectomy – removing the clot surgically
- Stenting – inserting a small mesh cage into a blood vessel to keep it open
All procedures are performed by our board-certified vascular surgeons when appropriate.
Diagnostic Imaging
Our on-site Peripheral Vascular Lab provides ultrasound and duplex imaging to quickly and accurately evaluate DVT in both the upper and lower extremities.
Hospital & Outpatient Care
Pulmonary embolisms are typically treated first in the hospital. If you are hospitalized, one of our vascular specialists may be consulted to provide evaluation and care. After initial treatment, patients often follow up with us in our outpatient clinic for ongoing management.
Most DVT cases can be treated with outpatient care, but if needed, inpatient management in the hospital will be recommended and arranged if lysis or a thrombectomy may be needed.
If you or your health care provider are concerned about a possible DVT or PE, please see the referral section of our website, discuss with your trusted medical care provider or contact our office directly to schedule an appointment.
If you have any acute symptoms of DVT or PE, you should seek emergency medical treatment at an urgent care clinic or emergency room.
